THE QUADRUPEDS OF NORTH AMERICA (1849-54)
The small quadrupeds were published in octavo form just as the birds, but for the first time, the name of Audubon's son, John W., appeared on many of the plates. J. T. Bowen was the lithographer, but about 17 of the plates in volume one were lithographed by Nagel and Weingaertner of New York. A number of artists, chiefly William E. Hitchcock and R. Trembly, transferred the images to the stones, signing their initials on the plates. About 2,000 copies of all four editions were sold. The First Edition was 1849-54 and the last 1870. These three-volume sets, as with the seven volumes of birds, were used as gifts to foreign governments by the U. S. government. The plates measure about 7 x 10 inches and are stone lithographs colored by hand. Audubon died in 1851, before this work was completed. In the quadruped octavo edition, J. W. Audubon was credited with being the artist on ten plates which had been credited to J. J. Audubon in the folio edition.
The collector should bear in mind that while America's animals were discovered over a period of time, going back to the 1600's, they were not described and illustrated in one publication until John J. Audubon and Rev. John Bachman published the Imperial Folio of quadrupeds in the early 1840's. This was a monumental effort - considering that most of the animals are nocturnal. A few of the animals illustrated by Audubon and described by Bachman are so-called "mystery animals" as they are still unidentified. The print collector, besides owning an original Audubon print, will also possess a unique piece of American history. In addition, this process - a hand-colored stone lithograph - is an exquisite art form, never to be seen again due to what would be an exorbitant cost in today's world.
To our knowledge, for the first time on the internet, the Audubon/Bachman names of the animals are accompanied by the common names used by mammalogists today when they differ from those used in the 1800's.
Of course, the names Audubon used in this list are identical to those on the large Imperial Folio prints, 21 x 27 inches, in the Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America publication.
Following are some reference books on Audubon's animals. Obviously, many books have been written on his birds and animals and are easily found in libraries or on the internet:
Boehme, Sarah - John James Audubon in the West: The Last Expedition, to accompany exhibits at Buffalo Bill Museum, Cody, Wyoming, and three other museum shows, Abrams Press, 2000
Cahalane, Victor - The Imperial Collection of Audubon Animals, Hammond, Inc., 1967
Ford, Alice - John James Audubon: A Biography, Abbeville Press, 1988
Ford, Alice - Audubon's Animals: The Quadrupeds of North America, New York Studio, 1951
Krammer, William - Audubon's Quadrupeds of North America, Wellfleet Press, 1989
McDermott, John - Audubon in the West, University of Oklahoma Press, 1965
Peterson, Roger Tory - The Art of Audubon: the Complete Birds and Mammals, New York Times Books, 1979
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Following is a list of the prints:
1 American Wild Cat 750
2 Maryland Woodchuck (Groundhog or Woodchuck) 200
3 Townsend's Mountain Hare (White-tailed Jack Rabbit) 150 SOLD
4 Florida Rat (Eastern Wood Rat) 50
5 Richardson's Columbian Squirrel (Red Squirrel) 125
6 American Cross Fox (Red Fox) 250
7 Carolina Grey Squirrel (Eastern Grey Squirrel) 250 SOLD
8 Chipping Squirrel (Eastern Chipmunk) 200
9 Parry's Marmot Squirrel (Arctic Ground Squirrel) 100
10 Common Shrew Mole (Eastern Mole) 50 SOLD
11 Northern Hare, Summer 200
12 Northern Hare, Winter (Snowshoe Hare) 250
13 Musk-Rat Musquash 150
14 Hudson's Bay Squirrel (Red Squirrel) 100
15 Oregon Flying Squirrel (Northern Flying Squirrel) 100 SOLD
16 Canada Lynx 625 SOLD
17 Cat Squirrel (Fox Squirrel) 75
18 Marsh Hare (mat burn) 75
19 Soft-haired Squirrel (Douglas' Squirrel) 150
20 Townsend's Squirrel 125
21 Grey Fox 700 SOLD
22 Grey Rabbit (Eastern Cottontail) 250 SOLD
23 Black Rat 125 SOLD
24 Four-striped Ground Squirrel (Colorado Chipmunk) 150
25 Downy Squirrel (Red Squirrel) 125
26 Wolverine 250
27 Long-haired Squirrel (unknown species) 125
28 Common Flying Squirrel (Southern Flying Squirrel) 250
29 Rocky Mountain Neotoma (Bushy-tailed Wood Rat) 50
30 Cotton Rat 150
31 Collared Peccary 400
32 Polar Hare (Arctic Hare) 350
33 Mink 125
34 Black Squirrel (Eastern Grey Squirrel) 100
35 Migratory Squirrel (Eastern Grey Squirrel) 100
36 Canada Porcupine 150
37 Swamp Hare 250 SOLD
38 Red-bellied Squirrel 125
39 Leopard Spermophile (Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel) 50
40 White-footed Mouse 200
41 Pennants Marten or Fisher 125
42 American Skunk (Striped Skunk) 250
43 Hare Squirrel (Western Grey Squirrel) 150
44 Canada Pouched Rat (Plains Pocket Gopher) 50
45 Wilson's Meadow Mouse (Meadow Mole) 125
46 American Beaver 350 SOLD
47 American Badger 300 SOLD
48 Douglass Squirrel 100
49 Douglas Spermophile (California Ground Squirrel) 50
50 Richardson's Spermophile 50
51 Canada Otter (River Otter) 150
52 Swift Fox 600 SOLD
53 Texan Skunk (Hog-nosed Skunk) 125 SOLD
54 Brown or Norway Rat 150
55 Red-tailed Squirrel (Fox Squirrel) 100
56 American Bison (Male) 800
57 American Bison (Family) 650
58 Orange-bellied Squirrel (Fox Squirrel) 75
59 White Weasel (Long-tailed Weasel) 100
60 Bridled Weasel (Long-tailed Weasel) 75
61 Raccoon 350 SOLD
62 American Elk-Wapiti Deer 500
63 Black-tailed Hare (White-sided Jack Rabbit) 200
64 American Brown Weasel (Ermine) 95
65 Little Harvest Mouse 200 SOLD
66 Virginia Opossum 400
67 Black American Wolf (Grey Wolf) 350 SOLD
68 Fox Squirrel 200 SOLD
69 Common Star-Nose Mole 50
70 Say's Least Shrew 50
71 Prairie Wolf (Coyote) 300 SOLD
72 White American Wolf (Grey Wolf) 200 SOLD
73 Rocky Mountain Sheep (Bighorn or Mountain Sheep) 450
74 Brewer's Shrew Mole (Hairy-tailed Mole) 75
75 Carolina Shrew (Short-tailed Shrew) 100
76 Moose Deer 200
77 Prong-Horned Antelope 400
78 Black-tailed Deer (Mule Deer) 200
79 Marmot Squirrel (Ring-tailed Ground Squirrel) 50
80 Leconte's Pine Mouse (Pink Vole) 75
81 American Deer (Fawn) 600
82 Red Texan Wolf (Red Wolf) 300
83 Little Chief Hare (Pika) 100
84 Franklin's Squirrel 150
85 Jumping Mouse (Meadow Jumping Mouse) 100
86 Ocelot or Leopard Cat 650 SOLD
87 American Red Fox 250
88 Wormwood Hare (Nuttall's Cottontail) 125
89 Say's Squirrel (Fox Squirrel) 250
90 Common Mouse (House Mouse) 1200
91 Polar Bear 600
92 Texan Lynx - female (Bobcat) 250
93 Black-footed Ferret 300
94 Nuttall's Hare 250
95 Orange-colored Mouse (Golden Mouse) 50
96 Cougar (Male) 500
97 Cougar (Young/Female) 450
98 Ring-tailed Bassaris 125
99 Prairie Dog (Black-tailed Prairie Dog) 175
100 Missouri Mouse (Northern Grasshopper Mouse) 100
101 Jaguar 500
102 Large-tailed Skunk (Hooded Skunk) 200
103 Hoary Marmot-Whistler 100
104 Collies Squirrel 75
105 Columbia Pouched Rat (Northern Pocket Gopher) 75
106 Columbia Black-tailed Deer 400
107 Lewis's Marmot (Yellow-bellied Marmot) 50
108 Bachman's Hare (Brush Rabbit) 100
109 California Marmot Squirrel (Mexican Ground Squirrel) 100
110 Mole-shaped Pouched Rat (Northern Pocket Gopher) 50
111 Musk Ox 100 SOLD
112 Californian Hare (Black-tailed Jack Rabbit) 150
113 Esquimaux Dog 150
114 Say's Marmot Squirrel (Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel) 100
115 Yellow-cheeked Meadow Mouse (Yellow-cheeked Vole) 50
116 American Silver or Black Fox (Red Fox) 475
117 Dusky Squirrel (Red-bellied Squirrel) 150
118 Long-tailed Deer (Columbian White-tailed Deer) 400
119 Hudson Bay Lemming (Labrador Collared Lemming) 50
120 Tawney's/Back's Lemming (Brown Lemming) 50
121 Arctic Fox 250
122 Canada Otter (River Otter) 250
123 Sewellel (Mountain Beaver) 50
124 Mountain Brook Mink 200
125 American Marsh Shrew (Water Shrew) 150
126 Caribou Reindeer 300
127 Cinnamon Bear (Black Bear) 550 SOLD
128 Rocky Mountain Goat 350
129 Northern Meadow Mouse (Northern Bog Lemming) 75
130 Pouched Jeroba Rat (Phillip's Kangaroo Rat) 50
131 Grizzly Bear 550 SOLD
132 Hare-Indian Dog 300
133 Texan Hare (Black-tailed Jack Rabbit) 450
134 Yellow-bellied Marmot 150
135 Richardson's Meadow Mouse (Water Vole) 100
136 Common or Virginia Deer (White-tailed Deer) 800 SOLD
137 Sea Otter 400
138 Pine Marten 75
139 Large-tailed Spermophile (Rock Squirrel) 50
140 Little Nimble Weasel (Long-tailed Weasel) 50
141 American Black Bear 600
142 Camas Rat (Northern Pocket Gopher) 50
143 Severn River and Rocky Mountain Squirrel (Northern Flying Squirrel) 50
144 Townsend's Arvicola, Sharp-nosed Arvicola and Bank Rat (Marsh Rice Rat) 50
145 Townsend's Shrew Mole 50
146 Nine-banded Armadillo 750
147 American Souslik or Meadow Mouse and Texas Meadow Mouse 50
148 Little American Brown Weasel (Long-haired Weasel) 50
149 Fremont's and Sooty Squirrel (Red Squirrel) 150
150 Long-nosed Shrew (Southeastern Shrew) 50
151 Jackal Fox 250
152 Weasel-like Squirrel and Large Louisiana Black Squirrel 100
153 Col. Abert's Squirrel and California Grey Squirrel 100
154 Harris' Marmot Squirrel and California Meadow Mouse 50
155 Crab-eating Raccoon 250
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